An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

To prove to be false or erroneous, as an opinion or charge. According to Karl Popper (1902-1994), a theory that cannot be refuted is not scientific. Related words: → falsify, → reject, → repulse, → recoil; → refuse.

From L. refutare "drive back, repress, repel," from → re- "back" + futare "to beat," probably from PIE base *bhau- "to strike down"

Vâkutidan, from vâ- "back," → re-, + kutidan (Kurd., Semnani, Sorxeyi, etc.) "to beat, strike," variant of kubidan, kuftan "to pound, strike, beat;" Mid.Pers. kôftan, kôstan "to beat, strike."

1) To produce anew; bring into existence again; to bring new and more vigorous.
2) Biology: To renew or restore (a lost, removed, or injured part).
3) Physics: To restore (a substance) to a favorable state or physical condition.
4) Electronics: To magnify the amplification of, by relaying part of the output circuit power into the input circuit (Dictionary.com).

→ re-; → generate.

1) Act of regenerating; state of being regenerated.
2) Electronics: A feedback process in which energy from the output of an amplifier is fed back to the grid circuit to reinforce the input.
3) Biology: The restoration or new growth by an organism of organs, tissues, etc., that have been lost, removed, or injured (Dictionary.com).

→ re-; → generation.

1) Of, relating to, or characterized by regeneration.
2) Tending to regenerate.

→ re-; → generative.

A branch of medicine that replaces or regenerates injured or diseased human cells, tissue, or organs, to restore or establish normal function.

→ regenerative; → medicine.

A large, usually continuous segment of a surface or space; area. → H II region.

M.E., from Anglo-Fr. regioun; O.Fr. region, from L. regionem (nominative regio) "district, country, direction, boundary," from regere "to direct," cognate with Pers. râst, → right.

Nâhiyé, loan from Ar. nâHiyat.

1a) A book in which records of acts, events, names, etc., are kept; a list or → record of such acts, events, etc.
1b) An entry in such a book, record, or list.
1c) → Registration or → registry (Dictionary.com).
1d) In computer science, → registry.
2a) To enter or cause to be entered formally in a register.
2b) To enroll (a student, voter, etc.) in a school or course of study, on the voting rolls, etc. (Dictionary.com).

M.E. registre, from M.Fr., from O.Fr. registre and directly from M.L. registrum, alteration of L.L. regesta "list, matters recorded," noun use of L. regesta, from regestus, p.p. of regerere "to record; retort," literally "to carry back, bring back" from → re- "back" + gerere "carry, bear."

Barnus, from bar- "on, upon, up," → on-, + nus "to write;" cf. Kurd. (Sor.) nus, nusen "to write;" Lori nisane "to write;" variants of nevis-, neveštan, → write.

1) The act or instance of registering.
2) An entry in a register (Dictionary.com).

→ register; → -tion.

1) The act of registering; registration.
2) A place where a register is kept; an office of registration.
3) The state of being registered (Dictionary.com).
4) In → computers, a part of the → central processing unit used to store configuration information about the → software installed on a computer.

→ register + -y.

A small depression on the surface of a → meteorite, more particularly on iron meteorites. These indentations result from the erosion of areas on the → meteoroid as material is ablated on its passage through the atmosphere.

From N.L., from Gk. rhegma "fracture, break" + Gk. glypt combining form of glyphein "to hollow out, carve, engrave."

Câluk "small hole" (Tabari), from câl, câlé "hole," from câh "a well, pit" (Mid.Pers. câh "a well;" Av. cāt- "a well," from kan- "to dig," uskən- "to dig out" (O.Pers. kan- "to dig," akaniya- "it was dug;" Mod.Pers. kandan "to dig"); cf. Skt. khan- "to dig," khanati "he digs," kha- "cavity, hollow, cave, aperture") + -uk, variant -u, a suffix of diminutive or attribution.

1) The layer of rocky → debris and → dust that forms the uppermost surface of → planets, → natural satellites, and → asteroids. Regolith on Earth is a product of → weathering.
2) In particular, → lunar regolith.

From Gk. regho(s) "rug, blanket" + -lith, from lithos "stone."

Sangpuš, literally "stone, rock covering," from sang "→ stone, rock," + puš present stem of pušidan "to cover; to put on," → envelop.

1) Astro.: → retrograde motion.
2) Geology: A retreat of the sea from land areas. Possible causes include a drop in sea level or uplift.
3) Math.: A method for fitting a curve through a set of points using some goodness-of-fit criterion. The most common type of regression is → linear regression.

From L. regression-, from regress-, stem of regredi "to go back," from → re- "back" + gradi "to step, walk."

1) → retrograde.
2) On the model of → progression, from vâ-→ re- + yâzi, yâzeš, verbal noun of yâzidan "to stretch out the arms; grow up" (Parthian Mid.Pers. y'd "to reach a goal, come to, stretch out;" Av. yat- "to reach, take one's place," yaiiata "places," frā-iiatāt "has reached;" cf. Skt. yat- "to be in place, put in place, line up;" PIE base *iet- "to be in place").

A statistical technique used to determine the values of parameters for a function that best fits a given set of data.

→ regression, → analysis.

The slope of the straight line that most closely relates two correlated variables.

→ regression, → coefficient.

A curve representing a non-linear relationship between two or more → variables.

→ regression, → curve.

A mathematical expression that describes the relationship between two or more variables. It indicates the nature of the relationship and, in particular, the extent to which one can predict some variables by knowing others.

→ regression, → equation.

A mathematical function that describes the relationship between two or more variables in a set of data.

→ regression, → function.

The curve representing a → linear regression. It is a line drawn through a set of data that summarizes the relationship between the → variables being studied.

→ regression, → line.

The slow motion of the → nodes of the Moon's orbit in the opposite direction to the Moon's movement. This westward motion, caused by perturbations of other bodies, mainly the Earth and Sun, has a rate of 19.35 degrees per year, making one rotation in 18.6 years.

→ regression; → node.

1) Evenly or uniformly arranged in space or time; orderly; well-ordered.
Math.: Of a polygon, having all sides and angles equal.
2) Conforming to some accepted rule, discipline, etc.

M.E. reguler, from M.Fr., from O.Fr. reguler, from L.L. regularis "continuing rules for guidance," from L. regula "rule," cognate with Pers. râst, → right.

1) Bâsâmân, from bâ- "with, having" (→ hypo- + sâmân "order, arrangement, disposition; boundary, limit," Lârestâni sâmon "sign or mark separating one field from another," Gilaki, Tabari šalmân "a straight peace of wood or beam, post;" Mid.Pers. sâmânak, sahmân "limit;" loaned into Arm. sahmân; cf. Skt. sīmān-, sīmā- "boundary, border, limit."
2) Razan-mand, from razan, → rule, + -mand a possession suffix.