An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

A long coil of insulated copper wire containing a large number of close turns. The strength of magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns in the solenoid and to the strength of current in the solenoid. It also depends on the nature of "core material" used in making the solenoid. The use of → soft iron rod as core in a solenoid produces the strongest magnetism.

From Fr. solénoïde "pipe-shaped," from Gk. solen "pipe, channel" + combining form of eidos "form, shape," → -oid.

Sulvâr, from sul "pipe, gutter," Lori sil, Sangesari sula, Šahmirzâdi solla, Tabari seltek, may be cognate with Gk. solen, as above, + -vâr, → -oid.

1) A body or object having → three  → dimensions (length, breadth, and thickness). Of or pertaining to bodies or figures of three dimensions.
2) One of the four main → states of → matter, in which the substance molecules vibrate about fixed positions. Unlike a gas or liquid, a solid has a fixed shape, and unlike a gas, a solid has a fixed volume.
3) Without holes, free from cavities, not hollow.
4) Dense, thick, or heavy in nature or appearance.
5) Reliable; that can be depended upon.

M.E., from O.Fr. solide "firm, dense, compact," from L. solidus "firm, whole, entire," from PIE base *sol- "whole;" cf. Mod.Pers. har "every, all, each, any;" O.Pers. haruva- "whole, all together;" Av. hauruua- "whole, at all, undamaged;" Skt. sárva- "whole, all, every, undivided;" Gk. holos "whole, complete;" L. salvus "whole, safe, healthy," sollus "whole, entire, unbroken."

Dafzé, from dafzak "big, gross, thick, hard" (Dehxodâ), variant dabz "thick, coarse," → concentrated; cf. Ossetic baezgin "thick, dense;" Shughni divask, Oroshori devaskak "calf of the leg;" Khotanese baysga- "thick, deep, many, large;" Sogd. δβânz "wide, coarse;" Av. bəzuuant- "thick, dense," bazah- "thickness;" Proto-Ir. *(d)banz- "to be(come) thick, dense;" cf. Gk. pakhos "thickness, coarseness;" Latvian biezs "thick" (Cheung 2007).

The figure formed by three or more planes meeting at a common point or formed at the vertex of a cone. The solid angle completely surrounding a point is 4π steradian. → steradian.

→ solid; → angle.

Zâviyé, → angle; fazâyi "of or relating to space," → space; jâmed, → solid.

In electronics, based on or consisting chiefly or exclusively of semiconducting materials, components, and related devices.

→ solid; → state.

The branch of condensed matter physics concerned with the study of rigid matter or solids in terms of their constituent particles (electrons and nuclei). The bulk of solid-state physics theory and research is focused on the electromagnetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of crystalline solids.

→ solid state; → physics.

1) To become or make solid, hard, or firm.

→ solid; → -fy.

1) To become or make solid, hard, or firm.

→ solid; → -fy.

The state, property, or quality of being solid. Solidness.

→ solid; → -ity.

In the → phase diagram of a → mixture at constant pressure, (such as an → alloy), the → curve that separates the → liquid+solid → phase from the all solid phase. Above the solidus some or all of the mixture will be in a liquid state. See also → liquidus.

From L. solidus, → solid.

Math., Physics: A solution of a certain type of partial differential equation that represents a solitary wave. A soliton is a self-reinforcing wave that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium.

From solit(ary) + → -on.

Either of the two points on the → ecliptic at which the apparent → longitude of the → Sun is 90° or 270°. Also the time at which the Sun is at either point. Solstices occur when the Earth's axis is oriented directly toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes. → summer solstice, → winter solstice.

M.E., from O.Fr. solstice, from L. solstitium "point at which the sun seems to stand still," from sol, → sun, cognate with Pers. xor, xoršid, hur, as below, + p.p. stem of sistere "to come to a stop, make stand still," akin to Pers. istâdan "to stand," as below.

Xoristân, is composed of two components. The first one xor "sun," variant hur; Mid.Pers. xwar "sun;" Av. hū-, hvar- "sun;" cf. Skt. surya-, Gk. helios, L. sol, cognate with E. sun, as above; PIE base *sawel- "sun." The second component istân "standing," from istâdan "to stand;" Mid.Pers. êstâtan; O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set;" Av. hištaiti; cf. Skt. sthā- "to stand;" Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still;" L. stare "to stand;" Lith. statau "place;" Goth. standan; PIE base *sta- "to stand."

The great circle of the celestial sphere which passes through the poles of the celestial equator and the solstice points. → equinoctial colure.

Solsticial, adj. of → solstice; → colure.

The two points of the ecliptic the most distant from the equator.

Solsticial, adj. of → solstice; → point.

Chem.: Capable of being dissolved .

M.E., from M.Fr. soluble, from L.L. solubilis "that may be loosened or dissolved," from stem of L. solvere "loosen, dissolve," → solve.

Luyidani, from luyidan, → solve + -i, → -able.

Chem.: A substance which is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

From L. solutus, p.p. of solvere "to loosen, dissolve," → solve.

Luyešt, from luyešte, p.p. of luyeštan, variant of luyidan, → solve.

1) The act of solving a problem, question. The state of being solved.
2a) Math.: The process of determining the answer to a problem. The answer itself.
2b) Math.: Of a differential equation, any function which, when put into the equation, converts it into an identity.
3) Chem.: The process by which a gas, liquid, or solid is dispersed homogeneously in a gas, liquid, or solid without chemical change. a homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more substances.

Verbal noun of → solve.

Any of a class of chemical reactions in which solute and solvent molecules combine.

From solv(ent), → solvent + -ation.

Luyé, from luy- the stem of luyidé→ solute and luyandé→ solvent + -é nuance suffix.

1) To find an answer or solution to; clear up; explain. related concept: → dissolve.
2) To make a solution of, as by mixing with liquid.

M.E. solven, from L. solvere "to loosen, dissolve, untie," from PIE *se-lu-, from reflexive pronoun *swe- + base *leu- "to loosen, divide, cut apart;" cf. Gk. lyein "to loosen, release, untie," O.E. -leosan "to lose," leas "loose;" E. lose, loose and Ger. los derive from this root.

Luyidan, infinitive from stem lu(y)-, from lu, variant of Mod.Pers. las "loose," lâ "slit, cut," luš "torn," lok "torn, piece," lâc "open, wide open;" lu, lunoti "to cut, sever, mow, pluck, tear asunder, destroy," lava "cutting, plucking; what is cut; fragment, piece;" Gk. lyein "to loosen, release, untie," as above. PIE *leu- "to loosen, divide, cut apart".

Substance having the power of dissolving other substances in it.

Agent noun of → solve.

A → spiral galaxy in the constellation → Virgo. It was the first galaxy whose rotation was detected. Also named M104 and NGC 4594.

Sp. sombrero "broad-brimmed hat," originally "umbrella or parasol," from sombra "shade," from L.L. subumbrare, from → sub- "under" + umbra "shade, shadow;" → galaxy.

Kahkešân, → galaxy; sombrero, Sp., as above.