An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian
فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک
M. Heydari-Malayeri - Paris Observatory
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hydrologic cycle carxe-ye âbšenâsik (#), ~ âbšenâxti (#) Fr.: cycle hydrologique The vertical and horizontal transport of water in all its states between the earth, the atmosphere, and the seas; often called the water cycle. |
hydrology âbšenâsi (#) Fr.: hydrologie The study of the waters of the earth, especially with relation to the effects of precipitation and evaporation upon the occurrence and character of water in streams, lakes, and on or below the land surface. |
hydromagnetics hidromeqnâtik Fr.: hydromagnétisme Same as → magnetohydrodynamics. |
hydron hidron (#) Fr.: hydron The general name for the atomic hydrogen → cation H+. |
hydronium hidroniom Fr.: hydronium A → water, → molecule with an additional hydrogen ion (H3O+). Also called hydronium ion. Hydronium is an abundant molecular ion in the interstellar diffuse and dense molecular clouds (→ Sagittarius B2, → Orion molecular cloud OMC-1) as well as the plasma tails of → comets (→ Halley, → Hale-Bopp). From hydr-, → hydro- + -onium a suffix used in the names of complex cations, extrcated from ammonium "ionized ammonia" (NH4+). |
hydrosphere âbsepehr (#) Fr.: hydrosphère A term denoting the water portion of the Earth's surface. |
hydrostatic hidristâik Fr.: hydrostatique Of or pertaining to → hydrostatics. |
hydrostatic equation hamugeš-e hidristâik Fr.: équation hydrostatique The equation describing the → hydrostatic equilibrium in a star, expressed as: dP/dr = -GMρ/r2, where P and M are the mass and pressure of a spherical shell with thickness dr at some distance r around the center of the star, ρ is the density of the gas, and G the → gravitational constant. → hydrostatic; → equation. |
hydrostatic equilibrium tarâzmandi-ye hidristâik Fr.: équilibre hydrostatique 1) The physical situation reached in a fluid when complete balance exists between
the internal pressure at any point and the weight of the material above the point. → hydrostatic; → equilibrium. |
hydrostatic halo hâle-ye hidristâ Fr.: halo hydrostatique A model of the → Milky Way galaxy in which the → Galactic halo (composed of → gas, → magnetic fields, and → cosmic rays) is assumed to be in → hydrostatic equilibrium. Parker (1966) presented the first study of stability considerations between gas, magnetic fields and cosmic rays in an equilibrium configuration. He found that it is difficult to maintain a stable configuration due to magnetohydrodynamic self-attraction (→ Parker instability). Subsequent works taking into account turbulent motions showed that turbulent pressure can mitigate the influence of Parker instabilities. This enabled new attempts to find conditions under which a stable equilibrium configuration of the Galaxy could exist. → hydrostatic; → halo. |
hydrostatic pressure fešâr-e hidrotavânik Fr.: pression hydrodynamique The term ρgz in the → Bernoulli equation. It is not pressure in a real sense, because its value depends on the reference level selected. → hydrostatic; → pressure. |
hydrostatics hidristâyik Fr.: hydrostatique A branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of → fluids at rest and especially with the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid on an immersed body. |
hydrothermal hidro-garmâyi Fr.: hydrothermique Geology: Relating to or caused by high temperature underground water or gas heated by natural processes. |
hydroxide hidroksid (#) Fr.: hydroxide A diatomic ion containing one oxygen and one hydrogen atom with chemical formula OH-. |
hydroxyl group (OH) goruh-e hidroksil (#) Fr.: groupe hydroxyle The univalent radical or group consisting of one hydrogen and one oxygen atom, forming a part of a molecule of a compound. From → hydro- + ox(y)- a combining form meaning "sharp, acute, pointed, acid," used in the formation of compound words, from Gk, oxys "sharp, keen, acid" + -yl a suffix used in the names of chemical radicals, from Fr. -yle, from Gk. hyle "matter, substance;" → group. |
Hydrus âbmâr (#) Fr.: Hydre mâle The Male Water Snake. A minor constellation with three main stars, one of the 15 → circumpolar constellations in the southern hemisphere. It first appeared in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603. It is often confused with → Hydra, the large constellation further north. It is also referred to as "male Hydra" or "little Hydra." Abbreviation: Hyi; genitive: Hydri. From L., from Gk. hydros "water serpent." Âbmâr "water snake," from âb "water" (Mid.Pers. âb "water;" O. Pers. ap- "water;" Av. ap- "water;" cf. Skt. áp- "water;" Hitt. happa- "water;" PIE āp-, ab- "water, river;" cf. Gk. Apidanos, proper noun, a river in Thessalia; L. amnis "stream, river" (from *abnis); O.Ir. ab "river," O.Prus. ape "stream," Lith. upé "stream;" Latv. upe "brook") + mâr "snake, serpent" (Mid.Pers. mâr "snake;" Av. mairya- "snake, serpent"). |
hygro- nam- (#) Fr.: hygro- A combining form meaning "wet, moist, moisture," used in the formation of compound words: → hygrogram; → hygrograph; → hygrometer . Hygro-, from Gk, combining form of hygros "wet, moist." Nam "humidity, moisture" + -negâšt, → -gram. The first component nam, from Mid.Pers. nam, namb "moisture;" Av. napta- "moist," nabās-câ- "cloud," nabah- "sky;" cf. Skt. nábhas- "moisture, cloud, mist;" Gk. nephos "cloud, mass of clouds," nephele "cloud;" L. nebula "mist," nimbus "rainstorm, rain cloud;" O.H.G. nebul; Ger. Nebel "fog;" O.E. nifol "dark;" from PIE *nebh- "cloud, vapor, fog, moist, sky." |
hygrogram namnegâšt (#) Fr.: hygrogramme The graphical record made by a → hygrograph. |
hygrograph namnegâš (#) Fr.: hygrographe An instrument that records the hygrometer's measure of water vapor. |
hygrometer namsanj (#) Fr.: hygromètre An instrument that measures the relative humidity of the air. |
<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu Bok boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes met met MHD mic mid mil min mir mix mod mol mom moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>
