An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) The act of promoting someone to a higher job, grade, or rank, or the fact of being so promoted.
2) Support or encouragement of the progress, growth, or acceptance of something.
3) An act, event, or offer that helps to increase interest in or demand for something (FreeDictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → promote.

Farkašan, literally "draw forward, pull up," from far-, variant of farâ-, → pro-, + kašan "drawing, pull," from kaš present stem of kašidan, → galaxy, + noun suffix -an.

Quick, at once or without delay.

M.E., from O.Fr. prompt, from L. promptus "brought forth, ready, quick," p.p. of promere "to bring forth," from → pro- "forward" + emere "to take."

Tond, "swift, rapid, brisk; fierce, severe," Mid.Pers. tund "sharp, violent;" Sogdian tund "violent;" cf. Skt. tod- "to thrust, give a push," tudáti "he thrusts;" L. tundere "to thrust, to hit" (Fr. percer, E. pierce, ultimately from L. pertusus, from p.p. of pertundere "to thrust or bore through," from per- + tundere, as explained); PIE base *(s)teud- "to thrust, to beat."
Biderang "without delay," from bi- negation prefix, → in-, + derang, → delay.

Neutrons emitted immediately by a nucleus undergoing fission, as opposed to → delayed neutrons, which are emitted by one of the fission products an appreciable time interval after the fission event (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes).

→ prompt; → neutron.

A mechanism predicted by theoretical models of → supernova explosion in the case when the → supernova shock breaks through the outer edge of the collapsing → iron core before losing all of its energy (through → photodisintegration of the iron nuclei) and manages to expel the stellar envelope. Compare with → delayed supernova explosion.

→ prompt; → supernova; → explosion. See also → delay.

A grammatical element which replaces a noun previously mentioned.

From M.Fr. pronom, from L. pronomen, from → pro- "in place of" + nomen, → name.

Farânâm, literally "noun (put) forth (to replace)," from farâ- "forward, along, opposing, facing," → pro- + nâm, → name.

1) To enunciate or articulate (sounds, words, sentences, etc.).
2) To utter or sound in a particular manner in speaking:

→ pro-; → announce.

1) The act or result of producing the sounds of speech, including articulation, stress, and intonation, often with reference to some standard of correctness or acceptability.
2) An accepted standard of the sound and stress patterns of a syllable, word, phrase, etc.(Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → pronounce.

1) A particular piece of evidence that is sufficient to show or helps to establish a fact.
2) The establishment of the truth of anything; demonstration.
3) Math. Logic: A sequence of statements that establishes the truth of a proposition.

M.E. prove, prooff, prof, proufe, O.Fr. prueve, from L.L. proba "a proof," a back-formation from L. probare "to prove," from probus "worthy, good, upright," from PIE *pro-bhwo- "being in front," from → pro- + *bhu- "to be;" cf. Pers. budan "to be," → condition.

Âvin, on the model of Ger. Beweis "proof," from weisen "to show, point out;" O.E. witan "to see." âvin "to show, see," from intensive prefix â- + vin "to see" (as in a large number of dialects), variant bin, present stem of didan "to see;" Mid.Pers. wyn-; O.Pers. vain- "to see;" Av. vaēn- "to see;" cf. Skt. veda "I know;" Gk. oida "I know," idein "to see;" L. videre "to see;" Ger. weisen "to show," as above; PIE base *weid- "to know, to see."

Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. (Dictionary.com).

From N.L. propaganda, short for Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, "congregation for propagating the faith," a committee of cardinals established in 1622 by Gregory XV to supervise foreign missions, from L. propagare, → propagate.

Farâtucân, from prefix farâ-, → pro-, + tucân from tucidan, → propagate.

1) v.intr.: (of → electromagnetic waves, → compression waves, etc.) To travel through space or a physical → medium.
2) v.tr.: To create (an effect) at a distance, as by electromagnetic waves, compression waves, etc., traveling through space or a physical medium.

From L. propagatus, p.p. of propagare "multiply plants by layers, spread for sprouting, propagate, enlarge," from propag(es) "something set out, scion, slip," from → pro- "forth" + pag base of pangere "to fasten" + es noun suffix + -atus "-ate."

Tucidan, from several dialects: Malayeri "to scatter, disperse; to diffuse;" Lori tic "scattered, dispersed," ticene "to scatter, disperse; to diffuse;" Laki tvic "dispersed, scattered;" Aligudarzi tij "scattered, dispersed;" Borujerdi tuc "scatter," tucessan "to scatter, diffuse," tucesa "dispersed, scattered, diffused;" probably related to Proto-Ir. θrāš- "to scatter, spread, strew" cf. Yaghnobi côš- "to spread, scatter, sow," tiráš-, têráš-, tirayš-/tirášta "to fall (down, off); to become ill; to drop;" (+*ui- ?) Ossetic .I. irtasyn/irtæst, D. ærtasun/ærtast "to separate, distinguish; to take away; to choose;" Sogd. š'š "to scatter, disperse;" šyš- "to be scattered" (Cheung, 2007)

Physics: The act or process of propagating, especially the process by which a disturbance, such as the motion of electromagnetic or sound waves, is transmitted through a medium such as air or water. Linguistically related notions: → diffusion (پخش); → dispersion(پاشش); → scattering (پراکنش); → diffraction (پراش).

Verbal noun of → propagate.

A parameter, denoted k = 2π/λ, that along with the → angular frequency, ω = 2πν, is used to express the equation of → simple harmonic motion, y = cos (ωt - kx + π/2). Same as → wave number.

→ propagation; → number.

To drive, or cause to move, forward or onward.

From L. propellere "to push forward," from → pro- "forward" + pellere "to push, drive."

Pišrândan, from piš "before; in front," from Mid.Pers. pêš "before, earlier," O.Pers. paišiya "before; in the presence of" + rândan "to push, drive, cause to go," causative of raftan "to go, walk, proceed" (present tense stem row-, Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack").

A propelling agent. A substance, usually a mixture of fuel and oxidizer, for propelling a rocket.

From → propel + suffix -ant.

Pišrâné, from pišrândan, → propel.

Belonging or pertaining exclusively or distinctly to a person, thing, or group. → proper mass; → proper motion; → proper time.

M.E., from O.Fr. propre, from L. proprius "one's own."

Saré "pure; principal."

A distance between two nearby events in the frame in which they occur at the same time. It is the distance measured by a ruler at the time of observation. Hence, for a cosmological time t, D_proper = D_C . a(t), where D_C is the → comoving distance, and a(t) is the → scale factor. In the present epoch a = a(t_obs) = 1, and D_proper = D_C.

→ proper; → distance.

Same as → rest mass.

→ proper; → mass.

The apparent motion of a star across the sky (not including a star's parallax), arising from the star's velocity through space with respect to the Sun. Proper motion is usually tabulated in star catalogs as changes in right ascension and declination per year or century. See also: → proper motion distance.

→ proper; → motion.

The distance derived from the → proper motion of an object. If an object has a known → transverse velocity  u, and has an observed angular motion of dθ/dt, then the proper motion distance is defined as: d = u/(dθ/dt).

→ proper; → motion; → distance

Of two sets A and B, the set A if it is contained in B (A ⊂ B) but is not equal to B (A ≠ B).

→ proper; → subset.