An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

In an optical system, a collection of points which actually serves as a source of light rays.

→ real; → object.

The operation of a computer during the actual time that the related physical processes take place so that the results can be used to guide the physical processes.

→ real; → time; → operation.

Data processing that takes place instantaneously upon data entry or receipt of a command.

→ real; → time; → processing.

1) An inclination or concern for the actual or real, as distinguished from the abstract or speculative.
2) Philo.: The doctrine that material objects exist independently of our perception of them.
3) Art, literature: The attempt to describe the objects or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.

→ real; → -ism.

1) A person who tends to view or represent things as they really are; an adherent of → realism.
2) Of or pertaining to realism or to a person who embodies its principles or practices.

→ real; → -ist.

1) Interested in, concerned with, or based on what is real or practical.
2) Philo.: Of or pertaining to realists or → realism.

From → real + -istic, from L. -isticus, Gk. -istikos, from -ikos, → -ic.

1) The state or quality of being real. A real thing or fact.
2) Philo.: The totality of what is, as opposed to what merely seems to be.

→ real + → -ity.

In reality; actually; indeed.

→ real; → -ly.

1) A basis or cause, as for some belief, action, fact, event, etc.
2) A statement presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action.
3) The mental powers concerned with forming conclusions, judgments, or → inferences especially in orderly rational ways.
Philo.: The intellectual ability to apprehend the truth cognitively, either immediately in intuition, or by means of a process of inference. See also → wisdom.
4) (v.) To think or argue in a logical manner; to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises.

M.E. resoun, reisun (n.), from O.Fr. reisun, reson, raison, from L. rationem (nom. ratio) "reckoning, understanding, motive, cause," from ratus, p.p. of reor, reri "to reckon, think;" cognate with Pers. râ, rây "reason," as below; O.C.S. raditi "to take thought, attend to," O.Ir. im-radim "to deliberate, consider."

Râyan, from rây + -an. The first component rây, râ "because of, by reason of," in barây-e "because of," cerâ "for what reason, why?," irâ "for this reason, therefore," zirâ "because, on account of;" also rây "opinion, consult;" râymand "reasonable, wise;" râyzan "a person whom one consults; wise;" Mid.Pers. râd, rây "because of, for the sake of, on behalf of;" O.Pers. rā "reason, cause," in rādiy "for this reason;" Av. rādah- "generosity, care, generous," rāsta- "to do right, to fit;" cf. Skt. rādh- "to succeed, be successful;" Gk. arithmos "number, amount;" L. ratio, as above; PIE base *rē-, *rə-. The second component -an a suffix as in rowzan, rowšan, suzan, rasan, zaqan, hâvan, etc.

Being in accordance with reason.

→ reason; → -able.

A process of thinking involving → inference, or of solving problems by employing general principles.

Verbal noun of → reason.

A temperature scale in which the → freezing point and the → boiling point of → water are set to 0 and 80 degrees respectively. See also → Celsius scale, → Fahrenheit scale, → Kelvin scale, → Rankine scale.

Named after René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683-1757), who first proposed it in 1730; → scale.

1) To bound or spring back from force of impact.
2) The act of rebounding; recoil.

M.E., from O.Fr. rebondir "leap back, resound; push back," from → re- "back" + bondir "to leap, bound."

Vâjahidan, from vâ-, → re-, + jahidan "to leap, → jump."

A galaxy whose distance increases from other galaxies due to the global expansion of the Universe.

Receding, verbal adj. of recede, M.E., from M.Fr. receder, from L. recedere "to go back, withdraw," from → re- "back" + cedere "to go;" → galaxy.

Kahkašân, → galaxy; dur šavandé "receding," from dur, → far, + šavandé agent noun of šodan "to go, to pass; to become, to be, to be doing;" Mid.Pers. šudan, šaw- "to go;" Av. š(ii)auu-, šiyav- "to move, go," šiyavati "goes," šyaoθna- "activity; action; doing, working;" O.Pers. šiyav- "to go forth, set," ašiyavam "I set forth;" cf. Skt. cyu- "to move to and fro, shake about; to stir," cyávate "stirs himself, goes;" Gk. kinein "to move;" Goth. haitan "call, be called;" O.E. hatan "command, call;" PIE base *kei- "to move to and fro."

An electronic device that amplifies, detects, and gives a measure of the intensity of radio signals.

M.E. receven, from O.Fr. recoivre, from L. recipere from → re- + -cipere, combining form of capere "to take, hold, seize," PIE base *kap- "to grasp" (cf. Skt. kapati "two handfuls," Gk. kaptein "to swallow," O.Ir. cacht "servant-girl," lit. "captive," Goth. haban "have, hold," O.E. habban "to have, hold," probably Mod.Pers. qâp-, qâpidan, kapidan "to seize, rob," Av. haf-, hap- "to keep, observe").

Girandé, agent noun of gereftan "to take, seize, hold;" Mid.Pers. griftan, gir- "to take, hold, restrain;" O.Pers./Av. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha- "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE *ghrebh- "to seize."

The unwanted signal affecting a receiver.

→ receiver; → noise.

1) Of, belonging to, or occurring at a time immediately before the present.
2) Geology: Of, belonging to, or denoting the Holocene Epoch.

From L. recentem (nominative recens) "fresh, new, young," from → re- + PIE root *ken- "fresh, new, young;" cf. Av. kainika-, kanya- "young girl;" Mod.Pers. kaniz(ak) "maid, virigin, girl; a female slave;" Mid.Pers. kanig, kanizag "girl, maid;" Gk. kainos "new;" Skt. kanina- "young;" Old Irish cetu- "first;" O.C.S. koni "beginning."

Tarné, from Tabari tarné "fresh, new, young, recent" (tarné mâr "fresh mother," i.e. "animal that has just given birth," tarné guk "recently born calf"), related to Pers. tar "fresh, young; wet," tarké "sprout;" Mid.Pers. tarr "fresh, moist;" Proto-Ir. *tarna-; cf. Av. tauruna- "young, fresh; young boy, lad;" Skt. táruna- "young, fresh;" Gk. teren "delicate, weak."

In the recent past.

→ recent + -ly a suffix forming adverbs from adjectives.

1) The property of having happened or appeared not long ago.
2) A time immediately before the present.

→ recent; → -ness.

1) The act of receding, going back, or withdrawing.
2) Economics: A period of an economic contraction, sometimes limited in scope or duration (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. récession "a going backward, a withdrawing," from L. recessionem "a going back," noun of action from p.p. stem of recedere "to go back, fall back; withdraw, retire," from → re- "back" + cedere "to go," → process.

Duršod, from dur, → remote, + šod "going," past stem of šodan "to go, to become," → change. Vâraveš, from vâ-, → re-, + raveš verbal noun of raftan "to go," → method.